The later Neolithic period saw the introduction of early metallurgy and the use of copper-based tools and weapons, and the building of megalithic structures, as exemplified by Stonehenge. Settled agriculture marked the Neolithic Era, which spread slowly across Europe from southeast to the north and west. During the Indo-European migrations, Europe saw migrations from the east and southeast. People from this period left behind numerous artifacts, including works of art, burial sites, and tools, allowing some reconstruction of their society. The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic Era. The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500 to AD 1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). Europe by cartographer Abraham Ortelius in 1595
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